Get To Know Your Diabetes Medications
Annabelle Marie M. Lat, MD
TABLETS
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Metformin
Makes the body more sensitive to insulin
Cost: ₱
Sugar lowering effect: +++
Side Effects: loss of appetite, GI upset
Sulfonylureas
Stimulate insulin release
Cost: ₱
Sugar lowering effect: +++
Side Effects: low blood sugar, weight gain
Examples: Glimepiride, Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glibenclamide
Pioglitazone
Makes the body more sensitive to insulin
Cost: ₱ ₱
Sugar lowering effect: +++
Side Effects: edema, weight gain
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Improve insulin release
Cost: ₱ ₱ ₱
Sugar lowering effect: ++
Side Effects: stomach upset, allergy
Examples: Sitagliptin, Linagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin, Teneligliptin
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Make you urinate sugar
Cost: ₱ ₱ ₱
Sugar lowering effect: ++
Side Effects: weight loss, UTI
Examples: Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin
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INJECTABLES
GLP – 1 Receptor Analogs
Improve insulin release
Cost: ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Sugar lowering effect: ++
Side Effects: weight loss, stomach upset
Examples: Liraglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide
Short – Acting Insulin
Replaces your body’s insulin
Cost: ₱ ₱ to ₱ ₱ ₱
Sugar lowering effect: ++++
Side Effects: weight gain, low blood sugar
Examples: Human: Regular
Analogs: Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine
Intermediate/ Long – Acting Insulin
Replaces your body’s insulin
Cost: ₱ ₱ to ₱ ₱ ₱
Sugar lowering effect: ++++
Side Effects: weight gain, low blood sugar
Examples: Human: Isophane
Analogs: Glargine, Degludec, Detemir
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Reference: ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2018; Image from L-R https:// images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/How-to-Stick-With-Your-CrohnsDisease-Medication-Schedule-1440×810.jpg?width=722; https://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/Insulin-for-Type-2-DiabetesWhen-Why-and-How-722×406.jpg
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HOW DOES MY DOCTOR CHOOSE MY MEDICATION?
It depends on…
– How high your blood sugar is
– Presence of other illnesses such as heart attack, kidney disease and obesity
– Risk for side effects Go on, ask your doctor.
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